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Primary Sources

 

Nokwe, Duma. “Bantu Education in Action.” Liberation Vol. 13. Oct. 1955. Retrieved from: Digital Innovation South Africa (DISA): http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za/index.php?option=com_di...isplaydc&recordID=LiOct55.1729.455X.000.013.Oct1955.5

 

Soudien, Crain. “Teachers’ Responses to the Introduction of Apartheid Education.” The History of Education under Apartheid, 1948-1994: The Doors of Learning and Culture Shall Be Opened. Ed. Peter Kallaway. New York: P. Lang, 2002. Print.

 

Secondary Sources

 

Alexander, Neville. “After Apartheid: The Language Question.” After Apartheid: Reinventing South Africa. Ed. Ian Shapiro and Kahreen Tebeau. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. 2011. Web.

 

"Born Free in South Africa." BBC News. N.p., 25 Apr. 2014. Web. 6 Dec. 2014. <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27146976>.

 

Christie and Collins. “Bantu Education: apartheid ideology or labour reproduction?” Comparative Education 18.1 (1982)” 59-75. Web.

 

Fiske, Edward B., and Helen F. Ladd. Elusive Equity: Education Reform in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2004. Web.

 

Fleisch, Braham. “State Formation and the Origins of Bantu Education.” The History of Education under Apartheid, 1948-1994: The Doors of Learning and Culture Shall Be Opened. Ed. Peter Kallaway. New York: P. Lang, 2002. Print.

 

Giliomee, Hermann. “A Note on Bantu Education, 1953 to 1970.” Hector Pieterson." South African History Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2014. <http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/hector-pieterson>. 77.1. 2007. 190-198. Web.

 

Hlatshwayo, Simphiwe A. Education and Independence Education in South Africa, 1658-1988. Westport, Conn: Greenwood, 2000. Print.

 

Humphries, Tiffiny. "Blended Approach to Empowering South Africa's Youth." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 1 Dec. 2014. Web. 5 Dec. 2014. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/skoll-foundation/blended-approach-to-empow_b_6250230.html>.

 

Joubert, Rika. "The Effect of Post-Apartheid Education Laws and Education Policies in South

Africa." Australia & New Zealand Journal of Law and Education (2001): 79-90. Web. 4 Dec. 2014.

 

Kallaway, Peter. The History of Education under Apartheid, 1948-1994: The Doors of Learning and Culture Shall Be Opened. New York: P. Lang, 2002. Print.

 

Kros, Cynthia. “W.W.M. Eiselen: Architect of Apartheid Education.” The History of Education under Apartheid, 1948-1994: The Doors of Learning and Culture Shall Be Opened. Ed. Peter Kallaway. New York: P. Lang, 2002. Print.

 

Mncwabe, M. P. Post-apartheid Education: Towards Non-racial, Unitary, and Democratic Socialization in the New South Africa. Lanham: U of America, 1993. Print.

 

Motala and Vally. “People’s Education: From People’s Power to Tirisano.” The History of Education under Apartheid, 1948-1994: The Doors of Learning and Culture Shall Be Opened. Ed. Peter Kallaway. New York: P. Lang, 2002. Print.

 

Msila, Vuyisile. "From Apartheid Education to the Revised National Curriculum Statement: Pedagogy for Identity Formation and Nation Building in South Africa." Nordic Journal of African Studies 2.16 (2007): 146-60. Web.

 

Ndlovu, Sifiso. "The Soweto Uprising." The Road to Democracy in South Africa. Vol. 2. S.l.: BBC2, 2006. 317-68. South African Democracy Education Trust. Web. <http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/rtd/vol2/volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf>.

 

Ross, Robert. A Concise History of South Africa. Cambridge: University Press, 1999. Print

 

"Soweto Student Uprising." South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid. Michigan State University. Web. 24 November 2014.

 

“The Rise of Apartheid.” South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid. Michigan State University. Web. 24 November 2014.

 

Wolpe, Harold. “Three theses on People’s Education,” Occasional Paper No. 5, Research on Education in South Africa (RESA). London, March 1990. <http://www.wolpetrust.org.za/main.php?include=texts/research.html&menu=_menus/dialogue.html.>

 

Audio/Visual Sources

Photographs:

 

  • “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” Digital Image. Pinterest. JPG file.

 

  • “Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd.” Encyclopedia Britannica. JPG file.

 

  • Samson, Trevor. “Mandela election speech.” 1994. Getty Images. JPG file.

 

  • “Bantu Education Act, Act No. 47 of 1953.” Statutes of the Union of South Africa. 1953. Digital Innovation South Africa. PDF file.

 

  • Cole, Ernest. “Earnest boy squats on haunches and strains to follow lesson in heat of packed classroom.” The Ernest Cole Family Trust/Hasselblad Foundation Collection. JPG file.

 

  • Cole, Ernest. “School Class.” The Ernest Cole Family Trust/Hasselblad Foundation Collection. JPG file.

 

  • Magubane, Peter. Dead body covered by newspaper. 1976. South African History Online. JPG file.

 

  • Magubane, Peter. Soweto rioters in street. 1976. South African History Online. JPG file.

 

  • Magubane, Peter. Protestors with “away with Afrikaans” sign. 1976. South African History Online. JPG file.

 

  • Magubane, Peter. Female Soweto protestors. 1976. South African History Online. JPG file.

 

  • Magubane, Peter. Protestors running from tear gas. 1976. South African History Online. JPG file.

 

  • Magubane, Peter. Students holding sign out of bus window. 1976. South African History Online. JPG file.

 

  • Nzima, Sam. Hector Pieterson being carried by Mbuyisa Makhubo afer being shot by South African police. 1976. Harvard Computer Society. JPG file.

 

Posters:

 

  •  “Smash Bantu Education: Misery, Illiteracy.” South African History Archive. JPG file.

 

  • King, David. “Apartheid in Practice: Education in South Africa.” Anti-Apartheid Movement Archives Committee. African Online Digital Library: Michigan State University. JPG file.

 

  • “Unite Against Racist Education.” South African History Archive. JPG file.

  • “Poster depicting Sam Nzima’s iconic image of the Soweto Uprising picture.” South African History Archive. JPG file.

 

  • “10 Fighting Years: People’s Education for People’s Power.” United Democratic Front. South African History Online.

 

 

Audio:

 

  • “Soweto 1976: An Audio History.” All Things Considered. NPR. Natl. Public Radio. Web. 16 June 2006.

 

 

Video:

 

  • Youtube. “Hendrik Verwoerd Defines Apartheid. 10 December 2010. Online video clip. 2 December 2014.

 

  • Johnson, Krisanne. Vimeo. “South Africa’s Post-Apartheid Generation: The Born Frees.” Prospekt Photographers. Online video clip. 3 December 2014.

 

  • Youtube. “Education in South Africa.” The Economist. 26 October 2012. Online video clip. 28 Novemeber 2014. 

 

  • Youtube. “Education in South Africa: Two Unequal Systems.” Nicholas Owen. Online Video Clip. 19 November 2013.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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